# 2.2 Limitations of Centralized Platforms

<figure><img src="/files/NISMkXiMv6RiwUmuBV3j" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**Major centralized platforms dominate content distribution, offering surface-level convenience but introducing deep-rooted structural problems:**

* Distribution algorithms and terms are opaque ("black boxes").
* Usage fees and commissions are unilaterally imposed, without negotiation rights for creators.
* Fan interaction is restricted within the bounds of each platform's framework.

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These conditions inhibit creative freedom and spontaneous fan engagement, making the formation of sustainable, autonomous communities nearly impossible.


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